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Mercaptopurine, also known as 6-mercaptopurine or by its brand name Purinethol, is a chemotherapy medication primarily used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in both children and adults. It belongs to a class of drugs known as purine antagonists, which work by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells. Mercaptopurine is often administered in combination with other chemotherapy agents as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Mercaptopurine uses extend beyond leukemia treatment. It is also utilized for managing various autoimmune diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where it helps reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune response. Additionally, mercaptopurine has off-label uses for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and severe atopic eczema. The medication is available in tablet form and as an oral suspension, allowing for flexible administration. Before starting treatment, healthcare providers often conduct tests to assess the activity of enzymes like TPMT and NUDT15, which are involved in the metabolism of mercaptopurine. This testing helps determine the appropriate dosage and reduces the risk of severe side effects in patients with low enzyme activity.
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